Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts Of Leaves of Butea Monosperma (L) Toub

 

Arora Dhiraj*, KL Senthilkumar, L Samuel Joshua, K Senthilkumar and T Karthiyayini,

Padmavathi College of Pharmacy, Periyanahalli -635205, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu, India

 

ABSTRACT

The antidiabetic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Butea monosperma (L) Toub. were evaluated. Both the extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity, aqueous extract was found to be almost significant as standard drug in lowering blood glucose level. Whereas the ethanolic extracts treated group showed blood glucose level which is comparatively less to aqueous extract and standard drug. The drug/extracts were given twice a day dose was found significant.

 

INTRODUCTION

Butea monosperma is a deciduous moderate sized tree with grey bark a red gum, Kino, exudes from the bark. The wood is dull white and soft. The leaves are tripinnately compound. The three leaflets are abovate, margins smooth, abaxial surface hairy, adaxial surface glabrous. The flowers are densely fascided, flowers bright red, large and showy. Shoots are clothed with gray or brown silky pubescence.

 

The green leaves are commonly lopped for fodder. The yield of milk in buffaloes, fed with butea leaves, is reported to improve. They are credited with astringent, tonic, diuretic and pimples and timorous, haemorrhoids and are internally given in flatulent colic, worms and piles.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Experimental models:

Male Wister albino rats of 150-200gm were selected to either sex, for studies and they were kept in a standard polypropylene cage at room temperature of 27± 2°C, relative humidity 60-70%and well ventilated, they were fed a standard rat pellet and water ad-libitum. Animals were deprived of food initially for 16 hr but had free access to water.

 

Chemical used:

Freshly prepared aqueous solution of Alloxan monohydrate,(SD fine chemical Pvt. Ltd. Biosar.) Glibenclamide, carboxy methyl cellulose and text extracts (ethanolic and aqueous).

 

Screening of Antidiabetic activity:

Induction of Diabetes:

Hyperglycemia/diabetes was induced by single intraperitonial injection of freshly prepared aqueous solution of alloxan monohydrate 150mg/kg , to overnight fasted rats. After 48 hrs of alloxan injection, the animals which did not developed hyperglycemia i.e. glucose level>200mg/dl, were rejected/replaced with new animals. Immediately after induction of diabetes, rats were classified into five groups of six rats each.

 

Preparation of Text extracts:

Standard drug used for treatment, glibenclamide, 5mg/kg, ethanolic and aqueous test extracts which is prepared 200mg/kg in 2%carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and was given orally.

 

 

TABLE NO-1 Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Ethanolic And Aqueous Extracts Of Leaves Of Butea Monosperma (L) Toub

Sampling

time

Blood glucose (mg/dl)

control

Diabetic control

Sample A (Alcoholic 200mg/kg)

Sample B (Aqueous) (200mg/kg)

Glibenclamide

(5mg/kg)

8th day

125.4±11.2

352.4±11.8

240.8±11.6*

236.7±12.3*

171.6±12.1*

15th day

127.2±8.4

351.2±11.5

216.3±12.2*

198.5±12.1*

139.6±12.2*

Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n=6), *compared to group received standard drug (p<0.001)

 

GRAPH NO-1

 

 

Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of test extracts was done by taking six rats in each five groups as,

Group 1: served as normal control (saline).

Group 2: served as diabetic control (alloxan induced).

Group 3 received ethanolic extract, 200mg/kg orally.

Group 4: received aqueous extract, 200mg/kg orally.

Group 5: served as reference standards (Glibenclamide, 5mg/kg).

 

Treatment was continued for 15 consecutive days, with twice a day dose (morning and evening). Before the treatment (0 day) and at the end of 8th and 15th day, blood samples were collected from the tip of the tail of each rat under mild ether anesthesia in 1ml Eppendrof tubes containing 50µl of anticoagulant (heparin) and serum separated by centrifugation of blood at 4000rpm for 10mins was subjected for estimating glucose by glucose oxidase method using semi auto-analyze

 

Statistical Analysis:

The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of six independent experiments. Statistical significance between group was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. A P < 0.001 value was considered as statistically significant.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

In alloxan diabetic rats the blood glucose levels were in the range of 352-358mg/kg, which was considered as sever diabetes. In the standard drug (Glibenclamide 5mg/kg) and aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) treated groups the peak values of blood sugar significantly decreased to 216.3mg/kg and 198.5 mg/kg simultaneously on the 15th day. Thus the aqueous extract was found to be almost significant as standard drug in lowering blood glucose level. Whereas the ethanolic extracts (200mg/kg) treated group showed 216.3 kg/mg blood glucose level which is comparatively less to aqueous extract and standard drug. The drug/extracts were given twice a day dose was found significant.

 

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Received on 02.04.2009

Accepted on 05.06.2009   

© A&V Publication all right reserved

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy  and Phytochemistry. 1(2): Sept. - Oct. 2009, 113-114